trailer 1392 0 obj <>stream This process involves the mobilization of cholesterol from the plasma membranes of cells along the arterial walls and the delivery of the cholesterol to the liver in the form of cholesterol esters (CE), thus reducing cholesterol levels in the periphery and thereby reducing inflammation as well as atherosclerosis. General Comments. Spherical macromolecular complexes which help in the transport of TGL and cholesterol through blood stream between various tissues. • Functions • Provides structural stability to lipoproteins. LIPOPROTEINS. Introductory Chapter: Overview of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Dyslipidemia, Samy I. McFarlane, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85094. 0000002077 00000 n CEs are then taken by hepatocytes via LDL receptors, catabolized, and also excreted in the bile, as with the direct pathway. Lipoproteins are large macromolecular complexes that transport hydrophobic lipids (primarily triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins) through body fluids (plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph) to and from tissues. 1. Compiled by Prof J M Kuyl Lipids • Lipids are a heterogeneous group of water insoluble compounds, also loosely called fats. Defects in Components of Lipoprotein Metabolism. The liver plays a central role in whole-body cholesterol homeostasis, thus perturbations in hepatic cholesterol metabolism can result in hypercholesterolemia. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. These lipoproteins have, in their basic structure, a lipid core to be transported (triacylglycerols (TAG), phospholipids, and cholesterol esters). TAGs are cleaved into free fatty acids and glycerol. Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor that is frequently encountered in clinical practice, affecting one in three adults (over 30% of adult population) in the United States alone [1, 2]. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 0000002629 00000 n xref CM, formed in the intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes), are the lipoproteins involved in the transport of exogenous (dietary) lipids from the intestine to the lymphatic system into the circulation through the exogenous lipid metabolism pathway (Figure 3). H��w�L/-JU����u�tQ0P��srqV�*��w6PH/�2P036P�517�3ʛ��i33��\. These findings were further supported by data from another landmark study, the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) that clearly demonstrated a graded and strongly positive correlation between TC levels and CHD mortality [4]. 0000001649 00000 n Lipoprotein metabolism, 1. <]>> endstream endobj 1391 0 obj <>/Size 1384/Type/XRef>>stream Figure 17.8 summarizes overall aspects of lipoprotein metabolism and transport. The expression of key intestinal genes and proteins involved in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism was assessed by performing real-time PCR quantification and LC-MS/MS on duodenal biopsy specimens. Handout 11 Lipoprotein metabolism 2 Ruminants do not synthesis chylomicrons primarily due to low fat intake. lipoprotein metabolism is the process by which hydrophobic lipids, namely triglycerides and cholesterol, are transported within the interstitial fluid and plasma. Lipoprotein metabolism. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. HDL is formed by the transfer of cholesterol and phospholipids onto apolipoproteinA-1 (ApoA-1) to generate pre -HDL. Overview of lipoprotein structure, function, and metabolism Lipids are insoluble in water and are transported in the plasma (or extracellular fluids) by lipoproteins. The rest are taken up by either hepatic … b) Lipoprotein lipase c) LCAT d) Apo C-II 9) Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder of lipid metabolism. 0000001876 00000 n Lipoprotein lipase is synthesized by … F. Lipoprotein lipase 1. By the action of activated LPL, FFA are released and undergo beta-oxidation to be used as energy source or stored as fat in the adipose tissues. LIPOPROTEIN • Macromolecular assembly that contain lipids and proteins. A hydrophilic layer in which apolipoproteins are embedded thus provides structural stability as well as identity for each type of the lipoprotein. 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